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Viruses Aug 2021is a respiratory animal pathogen that shows growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, which has necessitated the examination of new antimicrobials, including...
is a respiratory animal pathogen that shows growing resistance to commonly used antibiotics, which has necessitated the examination of new antimicrobials, including bacteriophages. In this study, we examined the previously isolated and partially characterized siphoviruses of the genus (LK3, CN1, CN2, FP1 and MW2) for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm, and we examined other therapeutically important properties through genomic analysis and lysogeny experiments. The phages inhibited bacterial growth at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI = 0.001) of up to 85% and at MOI = 1 for >99%. Similarly, depending on the phages and MOIs, biofilm formation inhibition ranged from 65 to 95%. The removal of biofilm by the phages was less efficient but still considerably high (40-75%). Complete genomic sequencing of Bordetella phage LK3 (59,831 bp; G + C 64.01%; 79 ORFs) showed integrase and repressor protein presence, indicating phage potential to lysogenize bacteria. Lysogeny experiments confirmed the presence of phage DNA in bacterial DNA upon infection using PCR, which showed that the LK3 phage forms more or less stable lysogens depending on the bacterial host. Bacterial infection with the LK3 phage enhanced biofilm production, sheep blood hemolysis, flagellar motility, and beta-lactam resistance. The examined phages showed considerable anti- activity, but they are inappropriate for therapy because of their temperate nature and lysogenic conversion of the host bacterium.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Bordetella; Bordetella bronchiseptica; DNA, Bacterial; Lysogeny; Phage Therapy; Sheep; Siphoviridae
PubMed: 34578315
DOI: 10.3390/v13091732 -
Microbiological Reviews Dec 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Toxins; Bordetella; Bordetella Infections; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 7010115
DOI: 10.1128/mr.44.4.722-738.1980 -
MBio Jun 2021Filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) is a critical virulence factor for both Bordetella pertussis, the causal agent of whooping cough, and the closely related species...
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) is a critical virulence factor for both Bordetella pertussis, the causal agent of whooping cough, and the closely related species Bordetella bronchiseptica. FhaB is an adhesin, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production, and protects against phagocytic cell clearance during infection. Regulated degradation of the FhaB C-terminal prodomain is required to establish a persistent infection in mice. Two proteases, CtpA in the periplasm and SphB1 on the bacterial surface, are known to mediate FhaB processing, and we recently determined that CtpA functions before, and controls the FhaB cleavage site of, SphB1. However, the data indicate that another periplasmic protease must initiate degradation of the prodomain by removing a portion of the FhaB C terminus that inhibits CtpA-mediated degradation. Using a candidate approach, we identified DegP as the initiating protease. Deletion of or substitution of its predicted catalytic residue resulted in reduced creation of FHA' (the main product of FhaB processing) and an accumulation of full-length FhaB in whole-cell lysates. Also, FHA' was no longer released into culture supernatants in mutants. Alterations of the FhaB C terminus that relieve inhibition of CtpA abrogate the need for DegP, consistent with DegP functioning prior to CtpA in the processing pathway. DegP is not required for secretion of FhaB through FhaC or for adherence of the bacteria to host cells, indicating that DegP acts primarily as a protease and not a chaperone for FhaB in B. bronchiseptica. Our results highlight a role for HtrA family proteases in activation of virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. Two-partner secretion (TPS) systems are broadly distributed among Gram-negative bacteria and play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis. FhaB-FhaC is the prototypical member of the TPS family and we here identified the protease that initiates a processing cascade that controls FhaB function. Our results are significant because they provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of species to prevent clearance by phagocytic cells, which is critical for bacterial persistence in the lower respiratory tract. Our findings also highlight an underappreciated role for HtrA family proteases in processing specific bacterial virulence factors.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hemagglutinins; Mice; Periplasmic Proteins; Serine Endopeptidases; Virulence Factors, Bordetella
PubMed: 34182780
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01465-21 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 1991This study examines the potential of Bordetella bronchiseptica to act as a human pathogen. After encountering two patients from whom B. bronchiseptica was isolated, we... (Review)
Review
This study examines the potential of Bordetella bronchiseptica to act as a human pathogen. After encountering two patients from whom B. bronchiseptica was isolated, we searched the literature and found 23 reports in which a human infection was reported in association with B. bronchiseptica. As a basis for evaluating these cases, we summarize the literature about the current microbiological status of B. bronchiseptica, the pathology and pathogenic mechanisms associated with the microorganism, and the likelihood of it acting as a commensal or colonizer. From this review we conclude that B. bronchiseptica has been rarely isolated from humans despite their considerable exposure to animal sources. Evidence suggests that B. bronchiseptica may be rarely encountered as a commensal or colonizer of the respiratory tract of humans and rarely in association with infection. When found as a probable pathogen, most infections have been respiratory tract in origin and have occurred in severely compromised hosts.
Topics: Bordetella Infections; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 1889042
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.4.3.243 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Jul 2003Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently... (Review)
Review
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. This characteristic of Bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. Here we review the progress in this area.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Pertussis Vaccine; Respiratory System; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 12832115
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00068-3 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023Picolinic acid (PA) is a typical mono-carboxylated pyridine derivative produced by human/animals or microorganisms which could be served as nutrients for bacteria. Most...
Picolinic acid (PA) is a typical mono-carboxylated pyridine derivative produced by human/animals or microorganisms which could be served as nutrients for bacteria. Most strains are pathogens causing pertussis or respiratory disease in humans and/or various animals. Previous studies indicated that strains harbor the PA degradation gene cluster. However, the degradation of PA by strains remains unknown. In this study, a reference strain of genus , RB50, was investigated. The organization of gene cluster of strain RB50 was found to be similar with that of , in which the sequence similarities of each Pic proteins are between 60% to 80% except for PicB2 (47% similarity). The 3,6-dihydroxypicolinic acid (3,6DHPA) decarboxylase gene (, designated as ) of strain RB50 was synthesized and over-expressed in BL21(DE3). The PicC showed 75% amino acid similarities against known PicC from . The purified PicC can efficiently transform 3,6DHPA to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine. The PicC exhibits optimal activities at pH 7.0, 35 °C, and the and values of PicC for 3,6DHPA were 20.41 ± 2.60 μM and 7.61 ± 0.53 S, respectively. The present study provided new insights into the biodegradation of PA by pathogens of spp.
PubMed: 37110277
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040854 -
Genes & Genomics Apr 2020Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary...
Specific bacteriophage of Bordetella bronchiseptica regulates B. bronchiseptica-induced microRNA expression profiles to decrease inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells.
BACKGROUND
Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary related to morbidity and are the result of infection with bacteria, viruses, or both. B. bronchiseptica causes serious respiratory diseases in the swine airway track. However, the B. bronchiseptica-specific bacteriophage has diverse advantages such as decreasing antibiotic overuse and possible therapeutic potential against bacteria.
OBJECTIVE
The objects of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effect of specific B. bronchiseptica bacteriophages and to identify genes related to bacteriophage signaling utilizing RNA microarrays in swine nasal turbinate cells.
METHODS
Bor-BRP-1 phages were applied 24 h prior to B.bronchiseptica infection (1 × 10 cfu/ml) at several concentrations of bacterial infection. Cells were incubated to detect cytokines and 24 h to detect mucin production. And real-time quantitative PCR was performed to examine related genes expression. To determine the change of total gene expression based on B.bronchiseptica and Bor-BRP-1 treatment, we performed RNA sequencing experiments.
RESULTS
The results showed that B. bronchiseptica induced increased expression of several inflammatory genes such as IL-1β, IL-6, and Muc1 in a dose-dependent manner. However, Bor-BRP-1 induced reduction of gene expression compared to the B. bronchiseptica induction group. In addition, microarrays detected Bor-BRP-1-altered inflammatory gene expression against B. bronchiseptica, reducing B. bronchiseptica-induced airway inflammation in swine epithelial cells.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the specific bacteriophage has a therapeutic potential to defend against B. bronchiseptica infection by altering inflammatory gene expression profiles.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriophages; Bordetella Infections; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Cells, Cultured; Interleukins; MicroRNAs; Mucin-1; Swine; Swine Diseases; Transcriptome; Turbinates
PubMed: 32034667
DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00906-7 -
MBio May 2019encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, , the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated...
encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, , the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated organism. The previous statements that was a nonmotile organism were consistent with a stop codon located in the flagellar biosynthesis gene, , discovered when the Tohama I genome was sequenced and analyzed by Parkhill et al. in 2003 (J. Parkhill, M. Sebaihia, A. Preston, L. D. Murphy, et al., Nat Genet, 35:32-40, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1227). The stop codon has subsequently been found in all annotated genomes. Parkhill et al. also showed, however, that contains all genetic material required for flagellar synthesis and function. We and others have determined by various transcriptomic analyses that these flagellar genes are differentially regulated under a variety of growth conditions. In light of these data, we tested for motility and found that both laboratory-adapted strains and clinical isolates can be motile. Upon isolation of motile , we discovered flagellum-like structures on the surface of the bacteria. motility appears to occur primarily in the Bvg(-) phase, consistent with regulation present in Motility can also be induced by the presence of fetal bovine serum. These observations demonstrate that can express flagellum-like structures, and although it remains to be determined if expresses flagella during infection or if motility and/or flagella play roles during the cycle of infection and transmission, it is clear that these data warrant further investigation. This report provides evidence for motility and expression of flagella by , a bacterium that has been reported as nonmotile since it was first isolated and studied. As with , cells can express and assemble a flagellum-like structure on their surface, which in other organisms has been implicated in several important processes that occur The discovery that is motile raises many questions, including those regarding the mechanisms of regulation for flagellar gene and protein expression and, importantly, the role of flagella during infection. This novel observation provides a foundation for further study of flagella and motility in the contexts of infection and transmission.
Topics: Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella pertussis; Flagella; Flagellin; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Movement
PubMed: 31088927
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00787-19 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Feb 2023This case series describes an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in 16 shelter-housed cats with infectious respiratory disease. Four cats presented with acute...
CASE SERIES SUMMARY
This case series describes an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in 16 shelter-housed cats with infectious respiratory disease. Four cats presented with acute dyspnea on the same day, each with a history of previous upper respiratory disease that had resolved with treatment. Early diagnostic testing and culture and sensitivity allowed for targeted antimicrobial therapy and environmental interventions. A case definition based on exposure and clinical signs identified 12 additional presumptive cases, including the likely index case. Comprehensive outbreak management included diagnostic testing, risk assessment, vaccination, use of isolation and quarantine, increased surveillance and review of biosecurity practices. The outbreak resolved in 26 days.
RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION
Management of an MDR outbreak in shelter-housed cats has not been previously described. Along with standard population and environmental measures, early and appropriate use of necropsy, PCR and bacterial culture allowed rapid and appropriate use of effective, second-line antibiotics. Shelters are resource-challenged population centers. Veterinarians working in animal shelters can play an important role in helping to develop cost-efficient and effective antimicrobial stewardship practices for companion animal settings. Outbreak management expertise and funding for diagnostic testing, as well as application of the principles of antimicrobial stewardship, are essential components of shelter medicine practice.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Respiratory Tract Infections; Bordetella Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Disease Outbreaks; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 36763462
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231153051 -
Veterinary Microbiology Sep 2023Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis are widely distributed swine pathogens. B. bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen and causes atrophic rhinitis and...
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus suis are widely distributed swine pathogens. B. bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen and causes atrophic rhinitis and bronchopneumonia. S. suis is a contributing agent to porcine respiratory disease complex and causes systemic diseases including arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, and septicemia. Colonization with B. bronchiseptica has been associated with increased colonization by other pathogenic bacteria and increased disease severity with viral and bacterial pathogens. It has also been reported to predispose cesarean derived, colostrum deprived (CDCD) piglets to S. suis systemic disease. Here, we evaluated the role of B. bronchiseptica colonization on S. suis colonization, dissemination, and disease in one study using conventional pigs and another using CDCD pigs. Pigs were challenged with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica, or B. bronchiseptica followed by S. suis. Incidence of S. suis disease was not increased in either study for animals pre-inoculated with B. bronchiseptica. Nasal colonization with S. suis was increased in coinfected animals, while B. bronchiseptica was similar between mono- and co-infected animals. Although increased S. suis disease was not seen in coinfected pigs, there is evidence that B. bronchiseptica can increase colonization with S. suis, which may contribute to enhanced disease when animals are stressed or immunocompromised.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Swine; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Streptococcus suis; Swine Diseases; Bordetella Infections; Nose; Bacteria
PubMed: 37542929
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109841